Wednesday, 7 December 2011

Hardware and bit rates

Broadband cable Internet admission requires a cable modem at the customer's bounds and a cable modem abortion arrangement at a cable abettor facility, about a cable television headend. The two are affiliated via coaxial cable or a Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) plant. While admission networks are sometimes referred to as last-mile technologies, cable Internet systems can about accomplish area the ambit amid the modem and the abortion arrangement is up to 100 afar (160 km). If the HFC arrangement is large, the cable modem abortion arrangement can be aggregate into hubs for able management.

Downstream, the administration against the user, bit ante can be as abundant as 400Mbit/s for business connections, and 100Mbit/s for residential account in some countries. Upstream traffic, basic at the user, ranges from 384Kbit/s to added than 20Mbit/s. One after approach can handle hundreds of cable modems. As the arrangement grows, the cable modem abortion arrangement (CMTS) can be upgraded with added after and upstream ports, and aggregate into hubs CMTS for able management.

Most Data Over Cable Account Interface Specification (DOCSIS) cable modems bind upload and download rates, with customizable limits. These banned are set in acceding files which are downloaded to the modem application the Trivial Book Transfer Protocol, back the modem aboriginal establishes a affiliation to the provider's equipment.1 Some users accept attempted to override the bandwidth cap and accretion admission to the abounding bandwidth of the arrangement (often as abundant as 30 Mbit/s), by uploading their own acceding book to the cable modem - a action alleged uncapping. Uncapping is about consistently a abuse of the Terms of Account agreement.2

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